Quick Answer: Work below the threshold distance — far enough that your dog notices the other dog without becoming reactive. Counter-condition: other dog appears, high-value treats appear continuously. Other dog leaves, treats stop. Over many sessions, other dogs predict treats rather than triggering fear. Never force interaction — flooding a fearful dog makes fear significantly worse, not better.
The Threshold Principle
Every fearful dog has a distance at which they can see another dog while staying manageable. Work at that distance or further — this is the learning zone. Closer than threshold, the dog is too aroused to form new positive associations. Further than threshold, they don't notice the dog enough to need counter-conditioning.
The Parallel Walk
Walk both dogs in the same direction at a comfortable distance — parallel rather than face-to-face. Same direction reduces social pressure. Gradually decrease distance between the walks over many sessions as both dogs remain relaxed.
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